Mechanisms of effect in energy gainĮphedrine acts to increase energy by its actions as a sympathomimetic amine. The final component in weight loss of the ECA stack is that of a simple stimulant the higher epinephrine and norepinephrine levels result in increased aerobic exercise performance and less fatigue. It is estimated that 60% – 75% of the weight loss from using the ECA stack comes from the anorectic effect, and the remainder from thermogenesis. However, these effects only last for about two weeks if the stack is not cycled, as the body becomes tolerant to ephedrine to some degree. It also binds with and competitively inhibits adenosine receptors in the brain, triggering the release of epinephrine and increasing cAMP levels further.Īspirin inhibits prostaglandin production outside of the cells, which, in conjunction with caffeine, greatly prolongs the thermogenic effects and increased metabolism by substaining elevated cAMP levels.Įphedrine also has an anorectic, or appetite-suppressing, effect. This is done via the production of phosphodiesterase inside the cells, and prostaglandins outside the cell, which both lower cAMP levels within the cell.Ĭaffeine inhibits the production of phosphodiesterase inside the cell and therefore slows cAMP breakdown. However, the body's negative feedback system then activates to normalize the metabolism. This causes a thermogenic effect, raising body temperature and increasing the user's metabolism in conjunction with the rest of the stack. Increased circulating norepinephrine in the body then acts on white adipose tissue by increasing cAMP levels. Ephedrine acts both as a beta agonist and stimulates the release of norepinephrine. The effect of glucomannan on body weight in overweight or obese children and adults: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.The effects of the ECA stack in weight loss are primarily due to the ephedrine component. Bleeding risks with aspirin use for primary prevention in adults: Systematic review for the U.S. Psychiatric effects of Ephedra use: An analysis of Food and Drug Administration reports of adverse events. Legal requirements for the sale and purchase of drug products containing pseudoephedrine, ephedrine, and phenylpropanolamine.Multi-ingredient, caffeine-containing dietary supplements: History, safety, and efficacy. Guidance for industry: Final rule declaring dietary supplements containing ephedrine alkaloids adulterated because they present an unreasonable risk small entity compliance guide.Mechanism, efficacy, and safety of an ephedrine, caffeine, and aspirin combination in the treatment of obesity. Ephedra and ephedrine alkaloids for weight loss and athletic performance.Cardiovascular toxicities of performance-enhancing substances in sports. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy. Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. Long-term use of aspirin, even in small doses, has been associated with an increased risk of bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract. In other words, its helps maintain the stimulation effects that the caffeine and ephedrine help provide. When taken as part of an ECA stack, aspirin prevents norepinephrine levels from decreasing. Caffeine consumption can increase feelings of alertness, effectively reducing fatigue.īut when taken in large doses, caffeine can also cause:Īspirin is a pain reliever. It’s commonly found in coffee, tea, and soft drinks. CaffeineĬaffeine is also a stimulant of both the CNS and the cardiovascular system. This makes it an important part of the fight-or-flight response during times of high stress.Įphedra also raises heart rate and can also cause constriction of blood vessels, leading to high blood pressure. Norepinephrine is used to get the body ready for action and activity. This extract stimulates the central nervous system (CNS) through release of a compound called norepinephrine. It’s been used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries and is also referred to as “ma huang.” Ephedrine is derived from the Ephedra plant.
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